Frank Kugler

Pioneer motion picture cameraman Frank G. Kugler was born on 24 April, 1869 in Bremen, Germany, the son of Mr. and Mrs. John Gottlieb Kugler. He immigrated to the United States on 10 July, 1890, where after applying for, was granted his American citizenship on 19 June, 1899. Sometime after 1910 he legally changed his name to Frank Gordon Kirby. His wife Annie was born in Ireland and their only child, John, was born around 1906 in New Jersey. As an associate of Thomas A. Edison, Kugler is credited with a number of photographic techniques, including the fadeout and the use of double-exposures.